Stamping is a process in which a die is used to subject sheet metal to plastic deformation or separation under the action of stamping force. Its basic principles include:
Plastic deformation: Under the action of external force, internal stress develops within the material; when this stress exceeds the material's yield strength, plastic deformation occurs, thereby altering the material's shape.
Stress distribution: During the stamping process, the shape and dimensions of the die directly influence the stress distribution within the material, which in turn affects the forming outcome.
Friction: Friction between the sheet metal and the die affects material flow; measures such as lubrication are required to reduce this friction.
Stamping equipment primarily consists of mechanical presses and hydraulic presses. Mechanical presses offer high operating speeds and are suitable for processes such as shallow drawing and bending. Hydraulic presses feature adjustable strokes and stable pressure, making them ideal for demanding operations like deep drawing and flanging.